Journal Description
Sustainability
Sustainability
is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal on environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC), International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and Urban Land Institute (ULI) are affiliated with Sustainability and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE and SSCI (Web of Science), GEOBASE, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, RePEc, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Environmental Studies) / CiteScore - Q1 (Geography, Planning and Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 18.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Sustainability.
- Companion journals for Sustainability include: World, Sustainable Chemistry, Conservation, Future Transportation, Architecture, Standards, Merits and Wind.
Impact Factor:
3.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
4.0 (2022)
Latest Articles
Optimizing Nitrogen Nutrient Management for the Sustainable Enhancement of Secondary Metabolites and Yield in Onion Cultivation
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4396; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114396 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe) fertilization on secondary metabolites, particularly quercetin and its forms, in onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.). Field experiments over two years examined four onion varieties with red, yellow, and white
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This study investigates the impact of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe) fertilization on secondary metabolites, particularly quercetin and its forms, in onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.). Field experiments over two years examined four onion varieties with red, yellow, and white colors of bulbs: Kamal, Robin, Pueblo, and Mundo. The parameters investigated included the yield, dry matter content, and average onion weight. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were also analyzed. The free quercetin, bound quercetin, and total quercetin contents were determined using the HPLC method. The results demonstrated notable increases in yield following the application of nitrogen (NH4+) and sulfur (SO42−) fertilizers. Incorporating iron (Fe2+) alongside these fertilizers did not yield a significant impact compared to N+S variant. The phenolic and flavonoid content varied with fertilization, while the quercetin content did not yield statistically significant results. Overall, the study highlights the complex relationship between fertilization practices and secondary metabolite production in onions, emphasizing the need for sustainable intensification in modern agriculture.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agriculture: Plant Physiology, Nutrition and Crop Production)
Open AccessArticle
Andiroba Oil (Carapa guianensis Aubletet) as a Functionalizing Agent for Titica Vine (Heteropsis flexuosa) Nanofibril Films: Biodegradable Products from Species Native to the Amazon Region
by
Cleyson Santos de Paiva, Felipe Gomes Batista, Danillo Wisky Silva, Mário Vanoli Scatolino, Dayane Targino de Medeiros, Adriano Reis Prazeres Mascarenhas, Rafael Carvalho do Lago, Carine Setter, Ianca Oliveira Borges, Gustavo Henrique Denzin Tonoli, Tiago Marcolino de Souza, Lourival Marin Mendes, Lina Bufalino, Francisco Tarcísio Alves Junior, Fabiana da Silva Felix and Marali Vilela Dias
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4395; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114395 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The diversity of species in Amazonia is exceptionally vast and unique, and it is of great interest for industry sectors to explore the potential of derivatives with functional properties for packaging applications. This study proposes the functionalization of cellulose micro/nanofibril (MFC/NFC) suspensions from
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The diversity of species in Amazonia is exceptionally vast and unique, and it is of great interest for industry sectors to explore the potential of derivatives with functional properties for packaging applications. This study proposes the functionalization of cellulose micro/nanofibril (MFC/NFC) suspensions from Heteropsis flexuosa with andiroba oil to produce films with packaging potential. MFC/NFC was produced by using mechanical fibrillation from suspensions of H. flexuosa fibers. Proportions of 1, 3, and 5% of andiroba oil were added to make films with concentrations of 1% (m/m). Suspensions with andiroba oil provided greater viscosity, with changes in the physical properties of the films. Functionalization with andiroba oil provided films with lower degradation in water, greater contact angle, and lower wettability despite high permeability to water vapor. The films with 1% andiroba oil showed a hydrophobic characteristic (contact angle > 90°) and greater puncture resistance (6.70 N mm−1). Films with 3% oil showed a more transparent appearance and high biodegradation, while 1% oil generated more opaque films with a higher thermal degradation temperature and high antioxidant activity. It was concluded that films produced from H. flexuosa fibers functionalized with andiroba oil showed packaging potential for light, low-moisture products due to their adequate thermal and barrier characteristics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Materials)
Open AccessArticle
Persistent Vulnerability after Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Response: The Case of Salgar, Colombia
by
Paula Andrea Valencia Londoño and Diana Valencia Londoño
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4394; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114394 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Community-based disaster management (CBDM) has replaced traditional models of disaster risk reduction (DRR), giving the community a more participatory role in the planning and implementation of risk mitigation and preparedness strategies, disaster response, and post-disaster recovery measures. This shift in disaster response approaches
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Community-based disaster management (CBDM) has replaced traditional models of disaster risk reduction (DRR), giving the community a more participatory role in the planning and implementation of risk mitigation and preparedness strategies, disaster response, and post-disaster recovery measures. This shift in disaster response approaches has impacted understandings of vulnerability and resilience, leading scholars and policy makers to move away from a physical definition of vulnerability and to incorporate social variables. However, in Colombia, a traditional DRR approach still prevails. The National Risk Management Policy employs a top-down approach to risk reduction and disaster management, relying on the action of governmental authorities without community participation in the design or implementation of risk management planning and strategy. This article reveals the deficiencies of traditional DRR approaches. The Colombian government’s post-disaster resettlement project after a 2015 landslide in Salgar, Antioquia that resulted in 98 people dead or missing did not contribute to the reduction of vulnerability for the resettled community. To accurately measure post-disaster vulnerability and resilience, a new holistic model of indicators that includes both social and biophysical variables that illustrate and measure the relevance of preexisting vulnerabilities was developed. Local data was collected through 178 surveys administered to the inhabitants of Salgar’s three post-disaster resettlement sectors—La Habana, La Florida, and Las Margaritas—to construct an accurate picture of the populations affected by the disaster. Our results show that in the case of Salgar, social vulnerabilities persist even in the physical components of the resettlement sites where new infrastructure would be expected to reduce hazardous conditions and exposure to risk.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Study on the Partial Paste Backfill Mining Method in a Fully Mechanized Top-Coal Caving Face: Case Study from a Coal Mine, China
by
Zhaowen Du, Deyou Chen, Xuelong Li, Yong Jian, Weizhao Zhang, Dingding Zhang and Yongfeng Tian
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4393; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114393 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Paste backfill mining is an significant part of green coal mining, which can improve resource utilization and extend the service life of mines. It is important for solving the “three under, one above” mining problem and avoiding industrial wastes such as coal gangue
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Paste backfill mining is an significant part of green coal mining, which can improve resource utilization and extend the service life of mines. It is important for solving the “three under, one above” mining problem and avoiding industrial wastes such as coal gangue and fly ash that occupy farmland and pollute the environment. To address the difficult filling problem of a fully mechanized top-coal caving face (FMT-CCF), a new method of partial paste backfill mining is herein proposed. First, the partial paste backfill mining method and implementation steps of the FMT-CCF are introduced in detail. Then, the mechanistic model of the roof beam in partial paste backfill mining is established. Then, the filling structural factors on the filling effect of the 42105 FMT-CCF are determined. Dependent on the assay of the migration law of overlying stratum after filling, numerical simulation analysis is used to research the feature effect of the main filling structural factors on the filling effect. Finally, the paste filling rate, filling width, and filling strength suitable for the 42105 FMT-CCF are obtained. When the filling rate reaches 100%, a significant alteration takes place, resulting in the efficient decrease of the overlying rock stress arch shell’s height. As the width of the filling body expands from 10 m at each end to 20 m, the stress arch of the overlying rock experiences maximum reduction, specifically decreasing by approximately 14 m. When the strength of the filling body is greater than 0.4 GPa, the filling effect is better. This study has important guidance and reference significance for the partial paste backfill of FMT-CCF in thick seam mining.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal–Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Risk Preferences and Entrepreneurial Decision-Making: Evidence from Experimental Methods in Vietnam
by
Truc Thanh Tran and Nam Khanh Pham
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4392; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114392 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between risk preferences and entrepreneurial decisions within the Vietnamese context through controlled laboratory experiments. Specifically, we examine whether individuals with higher levels of risk aversion are more likely to become fixed-wage employees, while those with a propensity for
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This study investigates the relationship between risk preferences and entrepreneurial decisions within the Vietnamese context through controlled laboratory experiments. Specifically, we examine whether individuals with higher levels of risk aversion are more likely to become fixed-wage employees, while those with a propensity for risk-taking are more likely to pursue entrepreneurial ventures. Our findings underscore a significant relationship between risk aversion and the initiation of new businesses at the point of decision-making. Individuals exhibiting greater risk aversion demonstrate a decreased likelihood of venturing into entrepreneurship compared to their risk-taking or risk-neutral counterparts. Importantly, this relationship withstands variations in experimental measures of risk preferences, affirming its robustness across diverse contexts. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of risk attitudes in shaping entrepreneurial behavior and hold implications for policy interventions aimed at fostering entrepreneurship in Vietnam.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
The Action of Environmental Factors on Carbon Dioxide Efflux per Growing Season and Non-Growing Season
by
Mykola Kochiieru, Agnė Veršulienė, Virginijus Feiza, Dalia Feizienė, Kateryna Shatkovska and Irena Deveikytė
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4391; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114391 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The intensity of carbon dioxide can vary depending on land management practices, temperature of the soil, and soil moisture. The soil CO2 efflux per non-growing season was 61% lower than per growing season. The CO2 efflux, averaged across data, tended to
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The intensity of carbon dioxide can vary depending on land management practices, temperature of the soil, and soil moisture. The soil CO2 efflux per non-growing season was 61% lower than per growing season. The CO2 efflux, averaged across data, tended to decrease in the following orders: grassland > forest > no-tillage > reduced tillage > conventional tillage (per non-growing season and measurement period) and grassland > forest > no-tillage > conventional tillage > reduced tillage (per growing season). Soil temperature averaged; in the natural land uses, it was 18% lower than in the anthropogenic land uses. Soil temperature averaged; in the non-growing season, it was 55% lower than under the growing season. The temperature (up to 25 °C) increased the soil CO2 efflux per measurement period. By increasing the temperature in the soil, the soil efflux decreased in natural land use under growing season, but in anthropogenic land use, it increased per measurement period. The volumetric water content averaged; in the non-growing season, it was 3% lower than under the growing season. The volumetric water content had a positive effect on CO2 efflux, but when the water content was higher than 15% in anthropogenic land use, and 20% in natural land use per growing season, the relationships were negative.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Research on Soil Sustainable Management in Different Agroecosystems: Management of Agriculture–Ecology–Land-Management-Planning Interactions)
Open AccessArticle
Social Innovation as a Support for the Visibility of Vulnerable Communities
by
Raquel Francisco Mafra, Jacir Leonir Casagrande, Ana Regina de Aguiar Dutra, Nei Antonio Nunes, Felipe Texeira Dias, Samuel Borges Barbosa and José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4390; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114390 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the actions of the Invisible Cities Project (ICP) as an example of social innovation and as a way of giving visibility to vulnerable communities. Initially, a theoretical framework was established to understand the possibilities of the visibility of
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This study aims to analyze the actions of the Invisible Cities Project (ICP) as an example of social innovation and as a way of giving visibility to vulnerable communities. Initially, a theoretical framework was established to understand the possibilities of the visibility of isolated and poor communities located within the urban setting. This framework was established based on the literature that addresses the role of social innovation in cities. Then, participant observations were made in a community to analyze the initiatives that are part of the ICP. Finally, semi-structured interviews were conducted; these interviews reported the lived experiences of participants involved in the project through the narratives of the community members. Drawing from the specialized literature, it was found that this project carries out various aspects of social innovation, such as social visibility, empowerment, the articulation of different actors in society, social inclusion, and the improvement of the urban public space. The project also addresses a variety of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as eradicating poverty, promoting health and well-being, reducing inequalities, and fostering more sustainable cities and communities.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nexus and Challenges in Environment and Health toward SDGs)
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Open AccessArticle
Fully Integrated Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell–Rankine Cycle System with Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage for Sustainable Combined Heat and Power Production
by
Sven Gruber, Klemen Rola, Darko Goričanec and Danijela Urbancl
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4389; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114389 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The imperative to combat climate change necessitates the rapid implementation of technologically advanced, zero-emission renewable energy solutions, particularly considering the mounting energy demands and the pressing need to mitigate global warming. The proposed SOFC system, integrated with a modified Rankine Cycle and CCUS
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The imperative to combat climate change necessitates the rapid implementation of technologically advanced, zero-emission renewable energy solutions, particularly considering the mounting energy demands and the pressing need to mitigate global warming. The proposed SOFC system, integrated with a modified Rankine Cycle and CCUS technology, offers a highly efficient, renewable system with a net-zero carbon footprint, utilising green biogas as an alternative. The fully integrated system at continuous operation does not require outside heat sources and, besides, its main electricity production can supply 231 households with hot sanitary water. A base case and sensitivity analysis of the system was conducted studying different operating parameters. The base case simulation, conducted at SOFC/reformer operating temperatures of 850 °C/650 °C and operating parameters S/C = 2.5, Uf = 0.70 Ua = 0.1806, yielded an overall efficiency of 71.64%, with a 67.70% electrical efficiency. Further simulations demonstrated that a 1.60% and 1.53% increase in the overall and electrical efficiencies of the proposed alternative, respectively, would be achieved at SOFC/reformer operating temperatures of 950 °C/650 °C. The simulated hybrid system represents a competitive installation in the renewable energy market, which offers a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional forms of energy generation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage and Sustainable Power Supply)
Open AccessReview
Implementation of Renewable Energy from Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Facilities in Peru: A Promising Sustainable Future
by
Carlos Cacciuttolo, Ximena Guardia and Eunice Villicaña
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4388; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114388 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
In the last two decades, Peru has experienced a process of transformation in the sources of its energy matrix, increasing the participation of clean energy such as solar photovoltaic (PV), on-shore wind, biomass, and small hydro. However, hydropower and natural gas remain the
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In the last two decades, Peru has experienced a process of transformation in the sources of its energy matrix, increasing the participation of clean energy such as solar photovoltaic (PV), on-shore wind, biomass, and small hydro. However, hydropower and natural gas remain the main sources of electricity, whereas off-shore wind, biogas, waves, tidal, and geothermal sources are currently underdeveloped. This article presents the enormous potential of Peru for the generation of electrical energy from a solar source equivalent to 25 GW, as it has in one of the areas of the world with the highest solar radiation throughout the year. In addition, this article presents the main advantages, benefits, and considerations of the implementation of solar photovoltaic technology, with emphasis on (i) the potential of solar energy, showing the available potential and an installed capacity by the year 2024 equivalent to 398 MW, (ii) current solar energy sources, characterizing existing industrial solar photovoltaic (PV) energy plants, and (iii) future solar energy facilities projections, stating the portfolio of solar renewable energy plant projects to be implemented in the future considering an installed capacity of 7.2 GW by 2028. Additionally, lessons learned, challenges, and directions for the future development of solar energy in the country are presented. Finally, the article concludes that if Peru takes advantage of solar potential by considering a sustainable future perspective and implementing strategic land-use planning, the southern region will be transformed into a world-class territory for renewable energy development considering the hybridization of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar energy storage systems.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy and Environment: Policy, Economics and Modeling)
Open AccessArticle
Citizens’ Perception of Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems:Focusing on TAM
by
Kamoliddin Murodjon ugli Mannonov and Seunghwan Myeong
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4387; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114387 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Digital transformation and new technologies have made people’s lives easier and led to great results in most areas of business and society. Implementing blockchain technology is one of the best tools for establishing sustainable smart cities and societies. In terms of sustainable governance
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Digital transformation and new technologies have made people’s lives easier and led to great results in most areas of business and society. Implementing blockchain technology is one of the best tools for establishing sustainable smart cities and societies. In terms of sustainable governance sophisticated and secure voting systems are necessary to achieve high integrity and transparency and null election fraud, and, in environmental sustainability, e-voting systems eliminate the mass waste of paper and transportation gas emissions; namely, e-voting systems are eco-friendly with high democratic outcomes. Blockchain technology can revolutionize e-voting by increasing the security and transparency of the voting process. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into blockchain-based e-voting systems further augments their effectiveness. AI algorithms can analyze voting patterns and detect irregularities, supporting the prevention of fraudulent activities and coercion. ML procedures can enhance voter authentication processes, improve accessibility for diverse demographics, and optimize the productivity of blockchain networks during peak voting periods. This study focuses on understanding citizen perceptions of blockchain-based e-voting in a smart city context using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study’s results indicate that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are important factors in determining citizens’ intentions to use blockchain-based e-voting. Furthermore, trust in the technology and perceived security were found to influence the usefulness of blockchain-based e-voting positively. This study provides important insights for policymakers and technologists seeking to promote the adoption of blockchain-based e-voting systems in smart cities. The findings of the research supported the research model with positive results. In conclusion, our research model encourages the adoption of a blockchain-based e-voting system to enhance the future voting environment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Cities and Smart Villages and the Global Digital Transformation: Strategy and Community Engagement—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Gear Up for Development: The Automation Advantage for Sustainability in Manufacturing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
by
Samar S. Alharbi
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4386; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114386 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the impact of business process automation on the performance of manufacturing companies in Saudi Arabia through the use of a specially designed questionnaire that covered 301 senior employees of the operations, production, and information technology
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The goal of this study was to determine the impact of business process automation on the performance of manufacturing companies in Saudi Arabia through the use of a specially designed questionnaire that covered 301 senior employees of the operations, production, and information technology departments in these companies. This research focused on the use of automation in manufacturing companies and its impact on sustainability, operational performance, and institutional performance, including the impact of automation on profitability. The results reflect the status of automation in the Saudi manufacturing market. We observed a strong trend towards automation and this contributes to enhancing profitability, increasing the market share of companies, raising efficiency and productivity, and achieving sustainability. These results were obtained through regression and correlation analysis. The agreement of the survey participants with the data related to automation reflects the relative importance of automation in the Saudi market, shows the positive relationship between automation and performance development, and opens the door to further studies in other sectors or countries.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Automation: Intelligent Control and Its Applications)
Open AccessArticle
Fiscal Decentralization, Environmental Regulation, and Green Technological Innovation: Evidence from China
by
Changyun Zhou, Junxi Zhu and Zhuo Chen
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4385; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114385 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
To achieve carbon peaking and neutrality, optimizing power allocation and fiscal responsibilities between China's central and local authorities is essential for balancing environmental and economic goals. This study employs fixed-effects panel regression and a threshold model to examine the relationships between fiscal
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To achieve carbon peaking and neutrality, optimizing power allocation and fiscal responsibilities between China's central and local authorities is essential for balancing environmental and economic goals. This study employs fixed-effects panel regression and a threshold model to examine the relationships between fiscal decentralization, environmental regulations, and green technological innovation in 271 prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2019. The results reveal that environmental regulations significantly advance green innovation. Fiscal decentralization modulates the impact of these regulations on green innovation, with regional variations. In central and western areas, fiscal decentralization inhibits the regulatory effects, whereas in the eastern region, it promotes them. Moreover, fiscal decentralization exhibits a threshold effect: below a certain threshold, it hinders regulatory impact, but beyond that threshold, it enhances it. These findings offer valuable insights for policy decisions and strategies to foster green innovation, providing a theoretical and empirical foundation for policymakers involved in environmental and fiscal planning.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Perspective on Power Systems and Renewable Energy)
Open AccessArticle
Assessment of Economic, Environmental, and Technological Sustainability of Rural Sanitation and Toilet Infrastructure and Decision Support Model for Improvement
by
Simei Wu and Bao-Jie He
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4384; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114384 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Sanitation and toilets are important infrastructure for public health and societal stability. However, the adoption of adequate treatment technologies and techniques is a major challenge for both developing and underdeveloped areas. Answering the question of how to improve sanitation and toilet infrastructure in
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Sanitation and toilets are important infrastructure for public health and societal stability. However, the adoption of adequate treatment technologies and techniques is a major challenge for both developing and underdeveloped areas. Answering the question of how to improve sanitation and toilet infrastructure in rural areas, for poverty alleviation, inequality mitigation, and good health and well-being under the Sustainable Development Goals, is more challenging compared with urban areas. Decision support models (DSMs) are important for selecting rural sanitation and toilet technologies. However, previous models have not fully respected local standards, needs, and operational environments, and are mainly limited to technological sustainability performance. To overcome such research gaps, this study developed a rural sanitation and toilet technology decision support model (DSM) assessing economic, environmental, and technological sustainability. Both technology and village weighting methods based on 217 general experts and seven local residents, respectively, were adopted to fully tailor indicator weights to rural contexts. The results showed an economic sustainability weight of 0.205, an environmental sustainability weight of 0.466, and a technological sustainability weight of 0.329. The sanitation and toilet technologies were divided into wastewater treatment technologies and toilet technologies, with the former subdivided into primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatment technologies. This study confirmed that the PSO-GWO algorithm outperformed in accuracy and effectiveness. Accordingly, the PSO-GWO algorithm was adopted to demonstrate the optimization of sanitation and toilet technologies in four villages in plateau, mountain, plain, and basin areas. The study can assist local governments in selecting appropriate rural sanitation and toilet technologies during the planning phase. This can enhance the living standards of rural residents and promote sustainable rural development.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Sustainability Analysis of Smallholder Oil Palm Plantations in Several Provinces in Indonesia
by
Jajang Supriatna, Djumarno Djumarno, Ahmad Badawy Saluy and Deden Kurniawan
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4383; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114383 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
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The cultivation of oil palm plantations as a strategy for regional and rural development in Indonesia has significantly strengthened the economic system and livelihoods of agricultural communities. However, despite its growth, sustainability challenges persist, as evidenced through issues such as deforestation, labor concerns,
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The cultivation of oil palm plantations as a strategy for regional and rural development in Indonesia has significantly strengthened the economic system and livelihoods of agricultural communities. However, despite its growth, sustainability challenges persist, as evidenced through issues such as deforestation, labor concerns, land conflicts, and low worker welfare. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the index and sustainability status of smallholder oil palm plantations in several provinces of Indonesia, as well as to evaluate the index and sustainability status in each dimension (i.e., economic, social, environmental, institutional, and technological). After conducting a structured survey of oil palm farmers who have been operating a plantation for more than 1 year and are members of the Indonesian Planter Society, yielding responses of 757 farmers from Riau, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and Bangka Belitung Islands provinces, a multidimensional scaling method was utilized to assess the values of the sustainability index, considering attributes related to economic, ecological, social, technological, and institutional factors. The resulting sustainability index is 44.97, placing smallholder oil palm plantations within the less sustainable category. The findings obtained underscore the pressing need for government intervention and support to improve the sustainability of smallholder oil palm plantations in Indonesia. Addressing these concerns requires comprehensive policy interventions and assistance to advance the sustainability of agricultural practices.
Full article
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Open AccessReview
Review of City-Wide 30 km/h Speed Limit Benefits in Europe
by
George Yannis and Eva Michelaraki
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4382; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114382 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
To date, more and more European cities are systematically working to expand the proportion of their street network with a speed limit of 30 km/h. This paper endeavored to assess the effectiveness of city-wide 30 km/h speed limits in Europe. In an effort
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To date, more and more European cities are systematically working to expand the proportion of their street network with a speed limit of 30 km/h. This paper endeavored to assess the effectiveness of city-wide 30 km/h speed limits in Europe. In an effort to condense research outputs, a quantitative approach along with qualitative assessments were implemented. This study described the changes in safety, environment, energy, traffic, livability, and health before and after the phased implementation of city-wide 30 km/h speed limits. The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results from 40 different cities across Europe, including Brussels, Paris, and Zurich, indicated that reductions in speed limits improved road safety by decreasing the likelihood of crash risk and the severity of crashes that do occur. On average, the implementation of 30 km/h speed limits in European cities demonstrated a 23%, 37%, and 38% reduction in road crashes, fatalities, and injuries, respectively. Lower speed limits also yielded environmental benefits, with emissions decreasing on average by 18%, noise pollution levels by 2.5 dB, and fuel consumption by 7%, indicating enhanced fuel efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Encouraging citizens to embrace walking, cycling and utilizing public transit services can further contribute to a safer and environmentally sustainable urban environment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road Safety and Road Infrastructure Design)
Open AccessArticle
Evaluating the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis in the STIRPAT Framework for Finland
by
Jani Kinnunen, Irina Georgescu and Ionuț Nica
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4381; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114381 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
In the context of increasing concerns about environmental sustainability and economic growth, this study evaluates the Environmental Phillips Curve hypothesis within Finland’s STIRPAT framework from 1990 to 2022. Finland is renowned for its commitment to environmental policies and renewable energy innovations, yet it
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In the context of increasing concerns about environmental sustainability and economic growth, this study evaluates the Environmental Phillips Curve hypothesis within Finland’s STIRPAT framework from 1990 to 2022. Finland is renowned for its commitment to environmental policies and renewable energy innovations, yet it faces challenges in balancing economic growth with environmental protection. The identified problem is the need to understand the trade-offs between economic growth and environmental impact in this specific context. Using the ARDL model, we analyze the effects of GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption (RENC), urbanization (URB), and unemployment rates (UR) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Our findings show that while GDP and urbanization increase GHG emissions, renewable energy significantly reduces them. The Error Correction Model highlights quick adjustments toward equilibrium, reflecting the effectiveness of Finland’s environmental policies. Short-term results confirm the limited impact of urbanization on GHG emissions, possibly due to advanced urban planning. The FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR techniques further support these findings, emphasizing the importance of renewable energy in mitigating environmental impacts. This study provides crucial insights for policymakers seeking to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability in Finland.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
Open AccessArticle
Development Indexes, Environmental Cost Impact, and Well-Being: Trends and Comparisons in Italy
by
Marco Filippo Torchio, Umberto Lucia and Giulia Grisolia
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4380; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114380 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
In 1990, the United Nations (UN) presented the Human Development Index ( ) as a measure of human development that considers three fundamental dimensions: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living. This paper
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In 1990, the United Nations (UN) presented the Human Development Index ( ) as a measure of human development that considers three fundamental dimensions: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living. This paper proposes some considerations about human well-being factors based on analysis, also introducing some considerations on environmental pollution. As regards environmental issues, two different pollutants are considered together with their environmental costs: (i) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which have an impact on a global scale, and (ii) emissions from fine particulate matter, primarily having an impact on a local scale. Thus, a new index based on the external environmental costs is proposed, and two scenarios are discussed. On the other hand, as it concerns human well-being, the results of surveys among the population are used. Furthermore, other features regarding health services and demographic aspects are taken into account, too. Italy is analysed as a case study over the last three decades. Easterlin’s considerations are verified based on the variation of perceived well-being related to the changes in . The Italian case study shows that despite having achieved a satisfactory level, there is a wide margin for improvement from both the environmental and the well-being standpoints.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Assessing Waterway Carrying Capacity from a Multi-Benefit Synergistic Perspective
by
Yanyi Chen, Bozhong Zhou, Xiaofeng Pan, Hao Zhang, Honglu Qian, Wen Cheng and Weiqing Yin
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4379; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114379 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
To support decision-making on the sustainable development of inland waterways, this paper proposes a framework for evaluating their waterway carrying capacity (WCC) from the perspective of different stakeholders and introduces an improved assessment method for WCC that combines the fuzzy belief rule and
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To support decision-making on the sustainable development of inland waterways, this paper proposes a framework for evaluating their waterway carrying capacity (WCC) from the perspective of different stakeholders and introduces an improved assessment method for WCC that combines the fuzzy belief rule and Bayesian network. Compared with traditional assessment methods, the proposed one can integrate the synergy of waterway multi-benefits into the carrying capacity and improve the accuracy of WCC assessment with data uncertainty. The method was applied to an empirical case of the middle Yangtze River from Yichang to Hukou, in which the current development status and the optimal development size in the future were obtained. The results and conclusions can provide insights and support for decision-making toward the development and maintenance of inland waterways.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Ports and Waterways: Policy, Management and Analysis)
Open AccessArticle
Development of a Waste Management Strategy in a Steel Company
by
Ioana Fărcean, Gabriela Proștean, Erika Ardelean, Ana Socalici and Marius Ardelean
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4378; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114378 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The management of waste, especially ferrous waste, poses great problems in the steel industry due to strict regulations on preventing, reducing, or even eliminating the factors that generate a high degree of environmental pollution (landfills resulting from the steel industry and adjacent industries—mining,
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The management of waste, especially ferrous waste, poses great problems in the steel industry due to strict regulations on preventing, reducing, or even eliminating the factors that generate a high degree of environmental pollution (landfills resulting from the steel industry and adjacent industries—mining, energy, etc.). The present paper presents a synthesis of the specialized literature regarding the processes used, both worldwide and nationally, regarding the transformation of raw materials (ores or concentrates) and iron-containing waste (steel mill dust, mill scale and scale, sludge from agglomeration factories, sideritic waste, etc.) into by-products that can be used in the steel industry. For technological reasons, the option of pelletizing powdered waste was applied—in laboratory conditions, according to its own recipes, with results that justify the application of the technology on an industrial scale (appearance after hardening; drop resistance). The aim of the paper was to identify a practical solution; based on this solution, original conceptual models of organizational strategies (management and processing, respectively, recovery of ferrous waste within steel companies) were developed, such as a concentration strategy, diversification, vertical integration, etc. Within graphical representations of the proposed strategies, other processing variants were mentioned: agglomeration; briquetting.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Resource and Waste Management: Landfill Technology)
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Open AccessArticle
The ESG Menu: Integrating Sustainable Practices in the Portuguese Agri-Food Sector
by
Gonçalo Camelo and Mafalda Nogueira
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4377; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114377 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
This paper investigates the incorporation of sustainable development within the Portuguese agri-food sector amid global environmental and resource challenges. It underscores the role of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria in steering businesses towards sustainable practices. Through
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This paper investigates the incorporation of sustainable development within the Portuguese agri-food sector amid global environmental and resource challenges. It underscores the role of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria in steering businesses towards sustainable practices. Through qualitative analysis, in-depth interviews with managers and experts explored sustainable business model adoption, highlighting SMEs’ unique challenges. The study reveals a divergence in sustainability practice maturity, advocating for integration into organizational culture and strategy. It points out SMEs’ reactive stance due to resource constraints and external pressures, contrasting with larger firms’ proactive approaches. The research supports a strategic reevaluation of business models for sustainability, emphasizing innovation, leadership, organizational commitment, and transparent communication. Practical contributions include embedding sustainability into core operations, enhancing competitiveness, fostering sustainable organizational culture, prioritizing employee well-being, and leveraging innovative marketing for sustainability communication. Recognizing its limitations, this study advocates exploring blockchain and AI for transparency, leadership’s role in sustainable models, and the importance of marketing in the agri-food sector for sustainable management. Insights indicate that innovation and strategic partnerships are crucial for enhancing organizational sustainability and achieving the SDGs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development Goals and Agri-Food Supply Chain)
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